Computer Graphics

i) Graphics

(a)  Introduction,  What  is  computer  graphics?  Elements  of  graphics  workstation,
Video  Display  Devices-  Raster  Scan  Systems,  Random  Scan  Systems,  Input
Devices, Graphics Software Coordinate Representations, Fundamental problems in
Geometry 

(b)   Algorithms:   Line   drawing   algorithms-   DDA   Algorithm,   Bresenham's   Line
Algorithm,  Frame  Buffers,  Circle  and  ellipse  generating  algorithms-  Midpoint  Circle
Algorithm,  Midpoint  Ellipse  Algorithm,  Polynomials  and  spline  curves,  Filling-  Filled
Area  Primitives,  Scan-Line  Polygon  Fill  Algorithm,  Inside-Outside  Tests,  Scan-Line
Fill   of   Curved   Boundary  Areas,   Boundary-Fill  Algorithm,  Flood-Fill   Algorithm,
Character Generation, Attributes of lines, curves, filling, characters etc. 

(c)   Graphics   Primitives,   Primitive   Operations,   The   Display-File   Interpreter-
Normalized Device Coordinates, Display-File Structure 
Display-File Algorithms, Display Control, Polygons- Polygon Representation 

(d) Attributes  of Output Primitives, Line Attributes- Line Type,  Line Width, Pen and
Brush  Options,  Line  Color,  Color  and  Grayscale  levels-  Color  Tables,  Grayscale,
Area-Fill  Attributes-  Fill  Styles,  Pattern  Fill,  Soft  Fill,  Character  Attributes,  Text
Attributes 

(e)  Geometric  Transformations:  Matrices,  Scaling  Transformations-  Sin  and  Cos
Rotation,  Homogeneous  Coordinates  and  Translation,  Coordinate  Translations,
Rotation about an arbitrary point, Inverse Transformations, Transformation Routines 

(f)  Two-Dimensional  Viewing,  The  viewing  pipeline,  Viewing  Coordinate  Reference
Frame,  Window-to-viewport  Coordinate  Transformation,  Two-Dimensional  Viewing
Functions,  Clipping  Operations-  Point  Clipping,  Line  Clipping,  Cohen-Sutherland
Line Clipping, Polygon Clipping, Sutherland-Hodgeman Polygon Clipping 

(g)  Three-Dimensional  Concepts:  Three-Dimensional  Display  Methods-  Parallel Projection,  Perspective  Projection,  Visible  Line  and  surface  Identification,  Surface
Rendering, Three-Dimensional Object Representations- Bezier Curves and surfaces,
B-Spline Curves and surfaces 

(h) Visibility, Image and object precision, Z-buffer algorithm, Floating horizons 

(i)  Computer  Animations,  Design  of  Animation  Sequences,  General  Computer
Animation Functions- Raster Animations, Key-Frame Systems, Morphing, Simulating
Accelerations, Motion Specifications, Kinematics and Dynamics. 
                      

Professional Skill Development course

i)  Effective  communication  in  Business,  Importance  and  benefits  of  effective
communication.,  Components  of  communication,  The  concepts  and  problems  of
communication, Non-verbal communication. 

ii)  Seven  C's  of  Effective  Communication,  The  Process  of  preparing  Effective
Business Messages. 

iii)   The   Appearance   and   Design   of   Business   messages,   Business   letters,
Memorandums, Special time saving message media. 

iv)  Persuasive Written  Business,  Short  Reports,  Long  (Formal)  Reports,  Strategies
for   Successful   Speaking   and   Successful   Listening,   Strategies   for   Successful
Informative  and  Persuasive  Speaking.,  Strategies  for  successful  interpersonal
Communication, Strategies for successful Business and Group Meetings. 

v)  Activities:  Communication  Games, Report writing  skills,  Effective  communication
Skills, Technical Project Report preparation 

vi) Issues of basic human Psychology and value system.

vii) Negotiation Skills

Electronics and Telecommunications Systems

Electronics
Concept  of  Conductor,  Semiconductor,  Insulator.  Semiconductor  Diode,  Forward
bias, Reverse Bias, Application of Diode as Rectifier, Introduction to Transistor (BJT,
FET), PNP, NPN Transistors their Characteristic. Introduction to Network Theorems:
- KVL,KCL, Superposition, Theremin’s, Norton’s. 
DC Biasing: - Fixed Bias, Emitter Stabilized bias, 
Voltage-  Divider  Bias  (including  problems).  Concept  of  Q-point.  Application  of
Transistor as Switch.
AC analysis of BJT Transistor using re model (including problems on Av, Ai, Zi, Zo),
Application  of  BJT  as  single  stage  Amplifier,  Frequency  response  of  single  stage
Amplifier. 
Multistage Amplifiers:- (Basics concepts) RC coupled, cascade, Darlington pair, DC
amplifiers, 
Concept  of  Feedback:-    Negative  Feedback  and  its  advantage  in  Amplification, 

Positive Feedback :-  Oscillators, Comparison  between Oscillator  and Amplifier, RC

Phase Shift Oscillator, LC Oscillator.
 Switching Circuits Multivibrators : -  Monostable using IC 555 and Actable using IC
555 (including problems), 

Voltage  Regulators:  Need  of  Voltage  regulation,  Zener  diode  basics  (including
problems  on  Zener  diode),  Series  Voltage  Regulation,  Shunt  Voltage  Regulation,
Power Amplifiers: - Class A, B, AB. Design of Single stage Amplifier using BJT. 

Telecommunication

Introduction:- Need for modulation system,  Concept of Modulation. 
AM  :-  Definition  of  AM,  Modulation  index,  Power  relation  in  AM,  Generation  and
Demodulation of AM.

 SSB:-  Power  requirement  in  comparison  with  AM,  Advantages  of  SSB  over  AM,
Concept   of   Balanced   Modulator,   Generation   of   SSB,   Pilot   Carrier   System,
Independent Side System, Vestigial Sideband Transmission. 

  FM: - Definition of FM, Bandwidth, Noise triangle, Per-emphasis and De- emphasis.
PM:  -  Definition  of  PM.  Difference  between  AM  and  FM.    Radio  receivers.  Pulse

Modulation:-  Sampling Theorem, PAM, PTM, PWM, PPM, pulse code modulation,
Quantization noise, commanding, PCM system, differential PCM, Delta modulation.

Multiplexing: - FDM/TDM. Television:- Scanning, Composite Video signal, Television
Transmitter, television receiver. 
Introduction to Digital Communication: PSK, ASK, FSK.

Introduction to fiber optics system:-  Propagation of light in  optical fiber; ray model .
Types  of  fiber  :  Single  mode,  steps  index.  Graded  index.  Signal  distortion:
attenuation, dispersion. Optical sources: LED, LASERS. Optical Detectors and optics
links. Link Budget.

Designing and Analysis of Algorithms

Introduction and analysis of algorithms, Elementary data Structures. Arrays, Linked
list,  Stacks  and  Queues,  Trees,  Heaps  and  Heapsorts,  Set  and  disjoint  set  union, 
Graphs, Hashing. Divide And Conquer General method, Binary search, Finding the
maximum  and  minimum,  Merge  sort,  Quick  sort,  Selection  sort,  Strassen’s  matrix
multiplication. The Greedy Method, General method, Optimal storage on tapes, Knap
sack  problem,  Job  sequencing  with  deadlines,  Optimal  merge  patterns,  Minimum
spanning   trees,   Single   source   shortage   path.   Basic   Search   And   Traversal
Techniques The techniques of code optimization, AND/OR graphs, Game trees, Bi-
connected  components  and  depth-first  search.  Breadth  Search,  Back  Tracking
General  method  of  8-queens  problem,  Sum  of  subsets,  Graph  coloring,  Hamilton
cycles, Knapsack problem.





     

Mathematics II

Complex  Numbers  –  Cartesian,  Polar  &  Exponential  form,  De-Moiver's  theorem,
Vector  Algebra  and  Vector  Differentiation  –  Product  of  three  or  more  vector,
Gradient,  divergence  &  applications,  Integral  Calculus  –  Double  Integral.,  Triple
Integral    Differentiation  under  integral  sign  –  Error  functions,  Beta  and  Gamma
functions, Properties and duplication formula. 

Fourier  Series–Orthogonal  functions.  Fourier  series  of  even  and  odd  functions.
Laplace  Transform  –  of  all  standard  functions,  Periodic  function,  inverse  laplace
transform,  application  of  laplace  transform,  Complex  Variables  –  Cauchy  Riemann
Equations,  Mapping  –  Conformal  Mapping  &  bilinear  mapping,  Concept  of  line
integral,  Riemann  integral,  Singularities  –  Poles,  Evaluation  of  residues,  Residue
theorem